Draw Frame, Objectives of Draw Frame Machine, Purpose of Drawing, Passage of Material of Draw Frame Machine, Types of Draw Frame

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Purpose of Drawing:

 The purposes of drawing (Draw Frame) are to improve the uniformity of the slivers and to straighten the fibres in the slivers. The improvement in uniformity is due to the doubling and drafting of eight to ten slivers can into one. The straightening of the fibres is accomplished by drawing fibres by each other. The straightening is important because it arranges the fibres more parallel to each other and to the direction of the fibre strand. When the fibres are well straightened, the arrangement helps in producing uniform, strong and smooth yarn.

Draw frame machine

Objectives of Draw Frame Machine:

  • To straighten the curled and hooked fibres.
  • To make the fibres parallel to their neighboring fibres.
  • To improve uniformity of fibres by drafting and doubling.
  • To reduce mass per unit length of sliver.
  • To remove micro dust from slivers by air suction pipe.
  • To blend raw material perfectly.

TYPE OF DRAW FRAME:

  1. Breaker Draw frame: Feed material is carded sliver. During this process 8-10 carded slivers are fed to this machine to produce more parallelized breaker sliver.
  2. Finisher Draw frame: Feed material is breaker draw frame drawn sliver. During this process 8-10 breaker slivers are fed to this machine to produce more parallelized & uniformed finisher sliver.

Operating Principle

  The passage of material of Draw Frame machine is Eight to ten card or draw frame slivers (see Fig. Passage of Material Draw Frame Machine) are fed to the drafting zone (3). A feed roller pair (2) is located above each can (1) to enable the feeding step to be performed in a controlled manner without false drafts. The feed roller pairs are mounted in a creel zone and each is positively driven. The slivers running into the drafting zone leave it, after a draft of 8 to 10, as a web lacking significant cohesion. In order to avoid disintegration of the web, which would otherwise be unavoidable at the high operating speeds currently in use, it is condensed into a sliver immediately after the drafting arrangement. This sliver is then (for example in some makes) guided through a tube (4) via a passage (6) of the sliver tube into a can (7), in which it must be laid in clean coils with optimal utilization of the space in the can. To enable the can to take up as much material as possible, the sliver is compressed by passing it through calendaring rollers (5).

DIFFERENT ZONES OF DRAW FRAME MACHINE

CREEL ZONE:

  It is known as feeding zone. 8-10 feed slivers passing through guide roller, guide bars & feed to drafting zone.
 

Draw frame creel

GUIDE ROLLER:

It guides the passage of feed slivers and act as a stop motion when feed sliver breaks.
 

AUTO LEVELER:

 The main task of auto leveling is to eliminate deviations in mass per unit length. Auto leveler is an additional device which is meant for correcting the linear density variations in the delivered sliver by changing either the main draft or break draft of the drafting system, according to the feed variation.
 
Draw frame Auto leveler

DRAFTING ZONE

 Definition of Draft is the measure of the amount the sliver is reduced (reduce mass per unit length) as it passes through the machine. The draft on draw frames may be determined by the ratio of mass fed and delivered. The draft takes place in drafting zones (Drafting Rollers). The fibres are held firmly between the top roller and bottom rollers. It is the zone for a process of decreasing the weight per unit length of sliver. It is mainly due to differential peripheral speed of the rollers.
 
Draw frame Drafting Zone
 

SLIVER COILING:

 The rotary movements are required for coiling of the sliver. On the one hand, the rotatable plate must be rotated above the can, while the can itself must rotate, at a considerably slower rate, below the plate. A sliver tube is provided on the plate as a fixed part to guide the sliver from the calendar rollers into the can.
 
 
Draw Frame Coiler
 

DOFFING OF CANS:

 In Single-step changers full cans are replaced by empty ones at full speed, i.e. without stopping the machine. In Multiple-step changers machine is brought to a stop during the change.
 
Draw Frame Sliver Cans Doffing
 
 

THE TASK OF THE DRAW FRAME

EQUALIZING

One of the main tasks of the draw frame is improving evenness over the short, medium and long term. Card slivers fed to the draw frame have a degree of unevenness that cannot be tolerated in practice, and slivers from the comber contain the infamous piecing’s; these must be obscured. It should be noted, however, that short-wave sliver evenness is not as sometimes assumed the sole criterion for evaluating the performance of the draw frame. Equalizing is always and in any case performed by doubling, and can optionally also be performed by additional auto leveling.

PARALLELIZING

 To obtain an optimal value for strength in the yarn characteristics, the fibres must be arranged parallel in the fibre strand. It is mainly the draw frames task to create this parallel arrangement. It fulfills this task by means of the draft, since every drafting step leads to straightening of the fibres. The value of the draft must be adapted to the material, i.e. to several fibre parameters, mainly:

  • The staple length;
  • The mass of the fibres;
  • The volume of the strand;
  • The degree of order (parallel disposition).

BLENDING

 In the spinning process every doubling produces simultaneous blending especially the 8-10 doublings on the draw frame. The doubling also provides a degree of compensation of raw material variations by blending, which occurs simultaneously. This result is exploited in particular in the production of blended yarns comprising cotton/synthetic or synthetic/synthetic blends. At the draw frame, metering of the individual components can be carried out very simply by selection of the number of slivers entering the machine. Eg.- 70:30 blend (P:C).

DUST REMOVAL

 To remove dust to the greatest practical extent at every possible point within the overall process. Unfortunately, dust removal can only be carried out to a significant degree. Since a large proportion of these very small particles (dust) adhere relatively strongly to the fibres. The draw frame is therefore a good dust-removing machine. On high-performance draw frames equipped with appropriate suction systems.

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